Efectos sobre la flora y vegetación del evento de precipitación extremo de agosto 2015 en Alto Patache, Desierto de Atacama, Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34022017000300091Abstract
During the extreme precipitation event related with “El Niño”, which occurred in August 2015 on the coast of the Tarapaca region, Atacama Desert, rainfall of 50 mm was recorded at the Alto Patache Fog Oasis (annual average of 1 mm), activating germination of many species present on the site. After the event, transects were demarcated and the presence and dominance of vegetation was recorded. The floristic data identified was compared with historical records and related with the distribution of fog, measured between the years 2001 and 2002. Results show 42 species identified, 78% of all known plants in the area, with one new record (Tiquilia sp.). The floristic analysis allowed the identification of three vegetation units, and a greater diversity of species was observed in lower areas of the coastal mountain chain.
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References
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MANRIQUE, R.; RICOTTA, C.; FERRARI, C. & PEZZI, G. Latitudinal pattern in plant composition along the Peruvian and Chilean fog oases. Plant Biosystems, 2014, Vol. 148, N0 5, p. 1002-1008. [ Links ]
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PINTO, R.; LARRAÍN, H.; CERECEDA, P.; LÁZARO, P.; OSSES, P. & SCHEMENAUER, R.S. Monitoring fog-vegetation communities at a fog-site in Alto Patache, South of Iquique, Northern Chile, during "El Niño" and "La Niña" events (1997-2000). In: SCHEMENAUER, R.S. & BRIDGMAN, H. (editors). Proceedings Second Conference on Fog and Fog Collection. St. John's, Canadá, 2001, p. 293-296. [ Links ]
PINTO, R. y LUEBERT, F. Datos sobre la flora vascular del desierto costero de Arica y Tarapacá, Chile, y sus relaciones fitogeográficas con el sur de Perú. Gayana Botánica, 2009, Vol. 66, N° 1, p. 28-49. [ Links ]
RUNDEL, P.; DILLON, M.; PALMA, B.; MOONEY, H.; GULMON, S. & EHLERINGER, J.R. The phytogeo graphy and ecology of the coastal Atacama and Peruvian deserts. Aliso, 1991, Vol. 13, N° 1, p. 1-49. [ Links ]
SCHULZ, N.; ACEITUNO, P. & RICHTER, M. Phytogeographic divisions, climate change and plant dieback along the coastal desert of Northern Chile. Erdkunde, 2011, N° 65, p. 169-187. [ Links ]
SCHULZ, N.; BOISIER, J.P. & ACEITUNO, P. Climate change along the arid coast of northern Chile. International Journal of Climatology, 2012, Vol. 32, N° 12, p. 1803-1814. [ Links ]
UMMENHOFER, C.C. & MEEHL, G.A. Extreme weather and climate events with ecological relevance: a review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 2017, Vol. 372, N° 1723, p. 20160135. [ Links ]
WESTRA, S.; FOWLER, H.J.; EVANS, J.P.; ALEXANDER, L.V.; BERG, P.; JOHNSON, F.; KENDON, E.J.; LENDERINK, G. & ROBERTS NM. Future changes to the intensity and frequency of short-duration extreme rainfall. Reviews of Geophysics, 2014, Vol. 201, N° 52, p. 522-555. [ Links ]
WILLIAMS, A.; SANTORO, C.; SMITH, M. & LATORRE, C. The impact of Enso in the Atacama Desert and Australian arid zone: Exploratory time series analysis of archaeological records. Chungará, 2008, N° 40, p. 245-259 [ Links ]
CERECEDA, P.; PINTO, R.; LARRAIN, H.; OSSES, P. & FARÍAS, M. Geographical Description of Three Fog Ecosystems ln the Atacama Coastal Desert of Chile. Third International Conference on Fog, Fog Collection and Dew. Ciudad Del Cabo, Sudáfrica, 2004. [ Links ]
DILLON, M. Origins and diversity of the lomas formations ln the Atacama and Peruvian Deserts of western South America. American Journal of Botany, 1989, Vol. 76, N° 6, p. 950. [ Links ]
DILLON, M. & HOFFMANN, A. E. Lomas formations of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. In: DA VIS, S.D.; HEYWOOD, V.H.; HERRERA-MCBRYDE, O.; VILLA-LOBOS, J. & HAMILTON, A.C. (editors). Centres of Plant Diversity, A Guide and Strategy for their Conservation. Oxford: WWF, Information Press, 1997, p. 528-535. [ Links ]
EGAÑA, I.; CERECEDA, P.; PINTO, R.; LARRAÍN, H.; OSSES, P. y FARÍAS, M. Estudio biogeográfico de la comunidad arbustiva del farellón costero de Punta Patache, Iquique, Chile. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 2004, N° 31, p. 99-113. [ Links ]
GAJARDO, R. La vegetación natural de Chile. Clasificación y distribución geográfica. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, 1994. [ Links ]
GAYÓ, E.M.; LATORRE, C.; SANTORO, C.M.; MALDONADO, A. & DE POL-HOLZ, R. Hydroclimate variability in the low-elevation Atacama Desert over the last 2500 yr. Climate of the Past, 2012, N° 8, p. 287-306. [ Links ]
GAYÓ, E.M.; LATORRE, C.; JORDAN, T.E.; NESTER, P.L.; ESTAY, S.E.; OJEDA, K.F. & SANTORO, C.M. Late Quaternary hydrological and ecological change ln the hyperarid core of the northern Ataca ma Desert (~21°S). Earth-Science Reviews, 2012, N° 113, p. 120-140. [ Links ]
GOLDSTEIN, P.S. & MAGILLIGAN, F.J. Hazard, risk and agrarian adaptations in a hyperarid water shed: El Niño floods, streambank erosion, and the cultural bounds of vulnerability ln the Andean Middle Horizon. Catena, 2011, Vol. 85, N° 2, p. 155-167. [ Links ]
GUERRERO, P.C.; ROSAS, M.; ARROYO, M.T.K. & WIENS, J.J. Evolutionary lag times and recent origin of the biota of an ancient desert (Atacama-Sechura). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013, Vol. 110, N° 28, p. 11469-11474. [ Links ]
GUTIÉRREZ, J.R.; ARANCIO, G. & JAKSIC, F. Variation in vegetation and seed bank in a Chilean semi-arid community affected by ENSO 1997. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2000, N° 11, p. 641-648. [ Links ]
LARRAIN, B. Relaciones florísticas entre oasis de neblina del desierto costero del norte de Chile. Santiago de Chile: Memoria de Titulo, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, 2007. [ Links ]
LARRIDON, I.; WALTER, H. E.; GUERRERO, P.C.; DUARTE, M.; CISTERNAS, M.A.; HERNÁNDEZ, C.P.; BAUTERS, K.; ASSELMAN, P.; GOETGHEBEUR, P. & SAMAIN, M.S. An integrative approach to un derstanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa (Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert. American Journal of Botany , 2015, Vol. 102, N° 9, p. 1506-1520. [ Links ]
LATORRE, C.; GONZÁLEZ, A.L.; QUADE, J.; FARIÑA, J.M.; PINTO, R. & MARQUET, P.A. Establishment and formation of fog-dependent Tillandsia landbeckii dunes in the Atacama Desert: Evidence from radiocarbon and stable isotopes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011, N° 116, p. G03033. [ Links ]
LATORRE, C.; SANTORO, C.; UGALDE, P.; GAYO, E.; OSORIO, D.; SALAS-EGAÑA, C.; DE POL-HOLZ, R.; JOLY, D. & RECH, J. Late Pleistocene human occupation of the hyperarid core in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2013, N° 77, p. 19-30. [ Links ]
LATORRE, C.; MUJICA, I.; MALDONADO, A.; GONZALEZ-SILVESTRE, L; PINTO, R.; DE POL-HOLZ, R. & SANTORO, C. Late Quaternary climate change, relict populations and present-day refugia in the northern Atacama Desert: a case study from Quebrada La Higuera (18 degrees S). Journal Of Biogeography, 2015, Vol. 42, N° 1, p. 76-88. [ Links ]
LUEBERT, F. Hacia una fitogeografía histórica del Desierto de Atacama. Revista Geografía Norte Grande, 2011, N° 50, p. 105-133. [ Links ]
LUEBERT, F. y PLISCOFF, P. Sinopsis bioclimática y vegetacional de Chile. Santiago de Chile: Edito rial Universitaria, 2016. [ Links ]
LUEBERT, F. y PLISCOFF, P. Sinopsis bioclimática y vegetacional de Chile . Santiago de Chile: Edito rial Universitaria , Segunda Edición, 2017. [ Links ]
MANRIQUE, R.; RICOTTA, C.; FERRARI, C. & PEZZI, G. Latitudinal pattern in plant composition along the Peruvian and Chilean fog oases. Plant Biosystems, 2014, Vol. 148, N0 5, p. 1002-1008. [ Links ]
MUÑOZ-SCHICK, M.; PINTO, R.; MESA, A. y MOREIRA-MUÑOZ, A. Oasis de neblina en los cerros costeros del sur de Iquique, región de Tarapacá, Chile, durante el evento El Niño 1997-1998. Revis ta Chilena de Historia Natural, 2001, N° 74, p. 389-405. [ Links ]
PINTO, R.; LARRAÍN, H.; CERECEDA, P.; LÁZARO, P.; OSSES, P. & SCHEMENAUER, R.S. Monitoring fog-vegetation communities at a fog-site in Alto Patache, South of Iquique, Northern Chile, during "El Niño" and "La Niña" events (1997-2000). In: SCHEMENAUER, R.S. & BRIDGMAN, H. (editors). Proceedings Second Conference on Fog and Fog Collection. St. John's, Canadá, 2001, p. 293-296. [ Links ]
PINTO, R. y LUEBERT, F. Datos sobre la flora vascular del desierto costero de Arica y Tarapacá, Chile, y sus relaciones fitogeográficas con el sur de Perú. Gayana Botánica, 2009, Vol. 66, N° 1, p. 28-49. [ Links ]
RUNDEL, P.; DILLON, M.; PALMA, B.; MOONEY, H.; GULMON, S. & EHLERINGER, J.R. The phytogeo graphy and ecology of the coastal Atacama and Peruvian deserts. Aliso, 1991, Vol. 13, N° 1, p. 1-49. [ Links ]
SCHULZ, N.; ACEITUNO, P. & RICHTER, M. Phytogeographic divisions, climate change and plant dieback along the coastal desert of Northern Chile. Erdkunde, 2011, N° 65, p. 169-187. [ Links ]
SCHULZ, N.; BOISIER, J.P. & ACEITUNO, P. Climate change along the arid coast of northern Chile. International Journal of Climatology, 2012, Vol. 32, N° 12, p. 1803-1814. [ Links ]
UMMENHOFER, C.C. & MEEHL, G.A. Extreme weather and climate events with ecological relevance: a review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 2017, Vol. 372, N° 1723, p. 20160135. [ Links ]
WESTRA, S.; FOWLER, H.J.; EVANS, J.P.; ALEXANDER, L.V.; BERG, P.; JOHNSON, F.; KENDON, E.J.; LENDERINK, G. & ROBERTS NM. Future changes to the intensity and frequency of short-duration extreme rainfall. Reviews of Geophysics, 2014, Vol. 201, N° 52, p. 522-555. [ Links ]
WILLIAMS, A.; SANTORO, C.; SMITH, M. & LATORRE, C. The impact of Enso in the Atacama Desert and Australian arid zone: Exploratory time series analysis of archaeological records. Chungará, 2008, N° 40, p. 245-259 [ Links ]
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2017-12-01
How to Cite
Pliscoff, patricio, Zanetta, N., Hepp, J., & Machuca, J. (2017). Efectos sobre la flora y vegetación del evento de precipitación extremo de agosto 2015 en Alto Patache, Desierto de Atacama, Chile. Revista De Geografía Norte Grande, (68), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34022017000300091
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